Principles and Standards For School Mathematics - Literature For Mathematics Education Research

NCTM (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics) in 2000, published a book entitled 'Principles and Standards for School Mathematics'. According to the NCTM, school mathematics standards include content standards or materials (mathematical content) and standard processes (mathematical processes). 

The standard covers the process of problem solving, reasoning and proof, connections, communications, and the representation. NCTM standards stated also that both the material and the process standards together constitute the basic skills and understanding is needed of the students in the 21st century (Together, the Standards describe the basic skills and understandings that students will need to function Effectively in the twenty-first century). 

This book is often used as a source by most researchers in the field of mathematics, whether it is writing his thesis, thesis or dissertation. soon have this book.

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Ways of Starting Math Lessons in Interesting

Lots of math teachers who use class time by 45 minutes following activities:

30 minutes-to discuss the tasks and
10 minutes of new-member classes.
5 minutes member task to the students.

This approach is done almost every day, can only be categorized as a "BED"
Boring
Endanger
Destroying the entire interest of students

Although it is important to discuss the tasks that have been given, but a teacher does not need to start lessons as way above, and should not use most of the time in class to discuss the tasks and then. The first five minutes often mean the success or failure of a lesson. Thus it is important to discuss ways to start the lesson the students attention.
Among them:

1. Starting the lesson with a defiant challenge
2. Challenge
3. Using historical topics
4. Utilizing props effectively
5. End the lesson with something special, for example with the game, so that students miss for the next class with a new topic.